Type-2 fuzzy logic systems have emerged as a powerful extension of traditional fuzzy logic, providing enhanced capability to model uncertainty and imprecision in complex systems. Unlike type-1 systems ...

Fuzzy Fredholm integral equations represent a class of mathematical problems in which uncertainty is incorporated directly into the model via fuzzy numbers. These equations extend the classical ...

Fuzzy Logic is a type of artificial intelligence (AI) that's designed to handle uncertainty and imprecision. Fuzzy Logic allows for the representation of vague concepts and the handling of incomplete ...

ABSTRACT Engineering systems are often too complex and their behavior cannot be determined using closed form or exact methods. To circumvent this problem, numerical methods, such as boundary element ...