Voltage transformers (VT) are used in electrical grids for metering and/or protection purposes. The high requirements regarding their precision demand a calibration ...

Short-circuit currents represent a tremendous amount of destructive energy, which can be released through electrical systems under fault conditions. Baseline short-circuit studies should be performed ...

Q: The percent impedance of a transformer is also the voltage drop of the transformer at full load. What is the voltage drop of a transformer at various other load levels, i.e. 25%, 50%, 75% or in ...

All electrical systems are susceptible to short circuits and the abnormal current levels they create. These currents can produce considerable thermal and mechanical stresses in electrical distribution ...

Engineers whose work involves testing in substations face two important challenges. The first is having the right equipment at hand to carry out the wide range of tests that are often required, and ...

Dual-band impedance transformers and matching networks are pivotal components in modern high-frequency systems, facilitating efficient power transfer between disparate circuit elements by converting ...

Download this article in PDF format. If you search the internet for “transformer equivalent circuits,” you’ll get five pages of over 100 small circuit diagrams. Figures 1 and 2 show two typical ...