The most important cause of COPD in the UK and other western countries is exposure to tobacco smoke – usually as a result of smoking cigarettes. However exposure to any irritant, noxious airborne ...

The diagnosis of COPD can be frustrating for both the patient and the physician, especially when a patient is identified as having the frequent-exacerbation phenotype. Counseling these patients is ...

Panelists discuss how idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF), a progressive and often fatal interstitial lung disease, presents significant clinical challenges due to its variable trajectory, limited ...

Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease is a common and incurable respiratory condition that is largely preventable and treatable, pharmacologically and non-pharmacologically. It involves progressive ...

The current pathophysiology of COPD encompasses three main characteristics: emphysema, chronic bronchitis and small airway disease. Macrophages and neutrophils are implicated in this process; thus ...