This valuable study uses mathematical modeling and analysis to address the question of how neural circuits generate distinct low-dimensional, sequential neural dynamics that can change on fast, ...

The total area under the curve must equal 1, representing the fact that the probability of some outcome occurring within the entire range is certain. \[\int_{-\infty}^{\infty}f\left(x\right)dx=1\] ...

This Chalk Talk highlights applications of a discrete Gaussian in various areas, following a 2025 paper by Chinta, Jorgenson, Karlsson, and Smajlović. The topics include heat diffusion, Bessel ...

Abstract: To deal with the uncertain relationship between random variables and harmonic spectrum in existing random pulsewidth modulation (PWM), this article links the uniformly distributed random ...

Abstract: The Beckmann distribution has a wide range of applications in radio-frequency communications, free-space optical (FSO) communications, and underwater wireless optical communications (UWOC).

Investopedia contributors come from a range of backgrounds, and over 25 years there have been thousands of expert writers and editors who have contributed. Thomas J. Brock is a CFA and CPA with more ...

Individual prediction uncertainty is a key aspect of clinical prediction model performance; however, standard performance ...

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This manuscript makes a valuable contribution to understanding learning in multidimensional environments with spurious associations, which is critical for understanding learning in the real world. The ...

James Chen, CMT is an expert trader, investment adviser, and global market strategist. Khadija Khartit is a strategy, investment, and funding expert, and an educator of fintech and strategic finance ...