The United States and China are locked in a contest to be the first country to send humans to the lunar surface in half a century. But there's a developing twist: an emerging competition between American companies to build the landing vehicle that could win this new moon race for the US.

Elon Musk's SpaceX on Thursday said it proposed to NASA a simplified plan to send humans to the moon using its Starship rocket, as the agency presses its contractors to move more quickly toward beating China to the lunar surface this decade.

A retro-futuristic space truck. A nimble crustacean on wheels. A space-age dune buggy. One will win a multibillion-dollar prize to deploy on a future NASA Artemis mission. But first, we took a ride on all three.

For over a decade, the idea of lunar water ice has fueled mission designs and space agency roadmaps. The permanently shadowed regions (PSRs) at the Moon’s poles, so cold they haven’t seen sunlight for billions of years,