The Hirschberg test (also known as the corneal light reflex test) is a quick and simple way to check ocular alignment. This assessment is particularly useful for testing for strabismus (misalignment of the eyes) in newborns, young children, patients with poor vision, patients that are not able to fixate or track well – or in any situation where a full motility evaluation is not feasible. The Hirschberg test is based on the premise that 1 mm of decentration of the corneal light reflection corresp

A student asked Dr. Abhishek Shukla, “Sir, what are the five signs used to declare a person brain dead?” Dr. Shukla, a senior geriatrician, explained that brain death is the complete and irreversible loss of all brain functions, including the brainstem. It is a very serious diagnosis and is confirmed only by qualified doctors following strict medical protocols. Dr. Shukla highlighted the five key clinical signs of brain death. First, pupils do not respond to light. When a torch is shined into th